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Process of Dal (Pulses) Milling
A very essential ingredient in the Indian cuisine is dals or pulses. Pulses are a major source of protein due to its palatability and nutritious quality. But did you know that our household pulses go through a process called milling in order to be consumed?
Milling is the removal of the outer layer of husk and splitting the grain into two equal halves. The basic process of a pulse milling involves pulse cleaning, grading, de husking, splitting, and separation, polishing, bagging (sorting solutions).
There are two ways to facilitate milling, which are: alternate wetting and drying method. The latter is the most commonly used method in most commercial Pulse Milling Plants. We will learn both the methods in a very simplified way.
The Dry Method – here is a point-wise description of the process.
Cleaning
Removal of dust, chaff and dirt takes place.
Grading
Grains are graded according to size.
Pitting
Cracking and scratching of husk takes place using an emery roller machine.
Pre-treatment with oil
Linseed oil is used in the pitted pulses. The oil is used at a rate of 1.5 to 2.5 kg/tonne of pulses.
Conditioning
Conditioning is done by drying the pulses in the sun and adding moisture content till it reaches 10-12 % followed by tempering.
De husking and splitting
For de husking, a silicon carbide coated emery roller is used and then the de husked pulses are split in to two equal parts. This process is repeated twice or thrice to complete the splitting process.
Polishing
The de husked and split pulses are then polished with a small quantity of water or oil.
The Alternate Wetting Method
This method is a little different from the dry method. The pulses are first soaked (wetted), then mixed with red soil and graded after de husking. Also, polishing isn’t a part of this method.
Here is a brief description of the whole process.
Cleaning – removal of dust & dirt
Soaking – the most important process as the grains are wetted
Red earth mixed – the wet mixture is mixed with red earth
Conditioning – an overnight conditioning for moisture diffusion followed by alternate sun drying and tempering for 2-4 days
Sieving – separation of red earth by sieving
De husking and splitting – is done by a disc Sheller (chakki)
Grading – grains are graded according to size
De husked split pulses – these are Grade I pulses
CONCLUSION
Some modern milling machines used in plants are roller machine, cylinder concave de huller, under runner disc (URD) Sheller etc. There are some traditional methods as well but in them the losses are much more compared to conventional methods.
The traditional methods lose somewhere in the range of 30-35 % while with the alternate wetting and drying methods, the losses come down to 15-17 % thereby encouraging most Pulse Milling Plants to use these conventional methods.
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