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Polycystic Kidney Disease

“Polycystic kidney disease” or “PKD” is a disease that is inherited and causes the development of multiple non-cancerous cysts that can occur anywhere in the body but mainly develop in the kidneys. These cysts can cause the kidneys to become extremely enlarged and cause permanent scarring of the normal tissues of the kidneys, resulting in the impairment of kidney function.

This disease varies greatly in its severity because some individuals can have this disease for many years and not even be aware of it due to a lack of symptoms, while others can experience symptoms that are severe including a significant loss in kidney function as well as total. kidney failure

The Causes and Symptoms of PKD

There are two types of polycystic kidney disease, both of which are caused by genetic abnormalities that are inherited. The main differences between the two types of this disease are the genetic defects that caused them. “Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease” or (“ADPKD”) is the most common form of this disease and is mainly diagnosed in adults who are thirty to forty years old; however, it can also occur in children.

A child has a fifty percent chance of inheriting ADPKD when one parent has this disease. The other form of PKD is called “Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease” or “ARPKD” and is seen less often than ADPKD because both parents of a child must have the abnormal gene that causes this disease.

When both parents have this faulty gene, there is a twenty-five percent chance that there child will develop this condition. ARPKD is most often diagnosed at birth, however it can be diagnosed later during childhood or when the child has reached the age of adolescence. The symptoms of this disease may include:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)

• The abdomen may become enlarged or distended.

• Frequent urination

• Blood may appear in the urine

• An individual may experience the development of kidney stones.

• Infection can occur within the urinary tract or the kidneys.

• Pain may occur in the back in the area of ​​the kidneys due to their enlargement.

• Frequent headaches

• Kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease)

Treatment for PKD

Due to the fact that there is no cure for PKD, treatment for polycystic kidney disease usually consists of treating the symptoms or complications that can occur due to this condition. High blood pressure is a common occurrence among patients who develop kidney problems; therefore, medications may be prescribed to control blood pressure.

Many individuals experience chronic pain due to their condition and mild to moderate pain can be controlled with over-the-counter medications, however, in more severe cases a doctor may recommend the removal of larger cysts through a surgical procedure to relieve the pain and pressure. that can be caused.

If you have polycystic kidney disease, it is essential to let your doctor know about any unusual changes or symptoms you experience to prevent serious complications that can occur from this disease, including a decrease in kidney function or total kidney failure.

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