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Raising Orphan Kittens
When a kitten’s mother has died or abandoned him, the kitten may need a hand. In feral cats, the reason they are taken away may be for training. Kittens should only be taken from their mother after 6 weeks of age if possible. To tame feral kittens, about 4 weeks as training becomes more difficult as they get older. Young kittens need their mom’s milk for antibodies and nutrition, so it’s best for the mother to nurse her kittens for as long as possible. Passive immunity normally lasts until about the kittens are 6-14 weeks old. Orphans are most vulnerable to disease because they do not have that protection.
Find a foster mother cat
Orphans need a foster cat mother to have a good chance of survival. Cats usually eat kittens other than their own, so try to find one by calling vets, animal shelters, breeders or the cat people you know.
You must devote a considerable amount of energy and time to caring for a kitten if you decide to feed him yourself before weaning. But still, that doesn’t guarantee survival because the younger the kitten is, the more fragile he is. He may not survive no matter how good the care is without a feline mother to feed him.
Warmth and First Aid
When you find an abandoned kitten, the first thing you should do is protect it from the cold. Place him under blankets or next to your skin for warmth. A young kitten’s energy is needed for growth and crying for more food, so there isn’t much left for heat generation. At first, the mother and siblings would give the kitten a good amount of warmth. In their first week, they should be kept at 88-92 degrees F. The next week, around 80 degrees or so would be fine. Once they reach 5 weeks and older, a lower room temperature is tolerable.
Take the kitten to a vet if possible, his general condition should be checked. Without a mother, a kitten can become dehydrated very quickly and may need fluids under its skin. A sign of dehydration in a kitten is when he has very little energy and appetite. This is probably due to lack of fluids or diarrhea. Feces should also be tested for parasites or worms. The vet can have a lot of advice on hand raising kittens and the supplies needed, so you better not skip this step.
When you get home, keep the kitten warm by placing him in a secluded, draft-free, warm place. You can feed him using an eye dropper or nursing bottle, which is available from the vet. Be very careful not to force feed the kitten when using an eye dropper. He should suck the fluid at his own pace so as not to fill his lungs with milk and cause pneumonia. The bottle method is best once he is old enough to suck. A company called Catac has even designed a kitten sitter that keeps air bubbles out of the baby’s belly.
Do not forget to sterilize all utensils before feeding the kitten. To feed the little one, place his belly down on a towel or textured surface that he could cling to. With the tip of your finger, carefully open his mouth, then insert the nipple between his jaws. Give a light tug every now and then to encourage him to suck vigorously. If the kitten suddenly aspirates milk into his lungs, immediately hold him upside down until the choking stops. Seek veterinary help if the kitten is not strong enough to suckle.
Baby kittens should be fed every 3 to 4 hours and the milk should be warmed to body temperature. For recommended nutrient amounts and servings per day, check the package. The number of daily feedings he should receive is determined by the age of the kitten.
Signs to look out for when the baby kitten has had enough formula are, his belly will be round and bubbles will form around his mouth. Burp him holding him right against your shoulder, patting him lightly on the back. Just like humans, baby kittens need to burp after every meal. Never overfeed kittens as it can result in diarrhea or other problems.
Kittens with anemia or those lacking in appetite may need a vitamin and mineral supplement such as Pet-Tinic, which is available at the vet and pet food stores. This will rebuild his systems and stimulate his appetite. Just follow the instructions indicated on the bottle and give it by dropper or by adding it to their food.
To make sure your kitten is growing properly, weigh him often. If he’s growing at an incredible rate, that’s a sign he’s thriving!
Stimulus
The kitten’s biological mother cares for her kitten in more ways than we know. She stimulates her baby kitten’s bladder and bowels by licking her abdomen. The surrogate mother cat should carefully rub the belly of the baby kitten with a cotton pad moistened with warm water. Don’t overdo it, rub just enough to stimulate the kitten to poop. Be aware of rubbing, which is an indicator that you are rubbing too hard.
Keep the baby kitten and the area clean. Wash their fur all over as the mother would, using short strokes with a barely damp cloth. This also gives them a sense of attention and well-being. If the kitten has caked feces on his fur due to diarrhea, it is best to wash him in warm water. Do this quickly so as not to chill the baby kitten. Dry him off.
The kitten may feel frustrated by the lack of his mother’s breast and cause him to suck the body parts of his litter, which can result in tantrums. Satisfy his oral need by caressing his mouth with a soft cloth or your finger.
Fleas
As soon as abandoned kittens are found, they must be cleaned and fleas removed to avoid Pulanemia. Flea anemia can hinder your attempt to rescue an abandoned kitten and fleas carry tapeworm eggs. There are flea sprays at the vet that can be used on kittens. Adams flea spray has been found to be safe to use on kittens and effective in killing fleas. After the kitten has removed the fleas, bathe him in warm water with mild soap or surgical soap if flea sores are present. Dry him immediately to avoid chilling. You can also use a hair dryer if the kitten is 1-3 weeks old. Be careful not to blow in their face and keep the level of heat tolerable. Older kittens are usually afraid of the noise of the hair dryer, you can choose to just dry them with a towel and then put them in a container in a warm place like next to a refrigerator. You can also put the towel dried kitten in a pet carrier and then use the hair dryer letting some warm air to the bag.
Weaning
You can start weaning the kitten at 4 weeks of age if necessary. You can start by providing him with formula in a bowl. Then, gradually introduce solid foods. Some baby foods that work well are strained baby food or Hill’s brand. You can also moisten dry kitten food with water or formula because young kittens cannot chew dry kitten food. This takes time, so don’t expect him to be weaned right away.
Reduce the bottle as he eats more often from the bowl. You can also give canned kitten food to introduce solid food to the kitten. Check the instructions on the container. Much of what is sold in supermarkets is junk, so try to buy high quality food from the vet or pet shops. Changes in food or diet can cause diarrhea, which can be life-threatening to a baby kitten, so it’s important to watch the stools.
Litter Box Training
The perfect time to introduce the baby kitten to a litter box is in its 4th week of age. Put him in the trash after every meal. Show him how to scratch in the litter by taking his paw and start digging in the sand or litter. He will surely catch on quickly.
Love and Attention
The baby kitten needs emotional closeness in addition to the food and warmth you provide. Let him hide with you and cuddle him more often. Experts say that hand-raised kittens show greater loyalty, deeper love for owners and show higher intelligence. Lots of handling for kittens also makes them easier to train.
Milestones
A kitten usually weighs 2-4 ounces at birth. He should double in body weight by the end of his first week. On his 8th day, he should open his eyes for the first time. For another two weeks his eyes will remain blue. The true eye color will not appear until he is about 3 months old. The ears will begin to stand on his second week. He will try to walk during his third week. In the fourth week, the kitten will begin to play with its litters and develop its teeth. As for the timing of the necessary vaccinations, go check it with your vet. On the 8th week, the kitten should be ready for adoption and if she/he is in good health, he/she can be spayed and neutered.
Health problems
Adoptable orphaned kittens are very vulnerable to disease. Take them to the vet immediately at the first symptom of abnormal behavior or loss of appetite. Upper respiratory infections and colds are caused by viruses that claim many kittens each year. Chlamydia is one of these organisms that causes permanent eye damage to a kitten’s eyes. It could result in blindness if bacteria invade the infected eye. The eyeball can be badly scarred by even a minor infection.
Worms, dietary changes and even overfeeding could result in diarrhea. The result of this is dehydration if not managed properly and it could be fatal. Feline distemper is a chronic danger for baby kittens as well, especially those babies who did not have their mother’s antibodies. It is an airborne, highly contagious fatal disease.
Final Word
Raising and caring for an orphaned baby kitten is hard work, even the most conscientious foster mother can lose the baby kitten. The foster mother should not blame herself if the baby kitten dies, nor should she accept the credit if the kitten thrives. A baby kitten will most likely die at birth, in its first week, or during weaning. But you have a good chance of raising poor orphaned kittens with accurate information and the ability to care.
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